blog\uff1a \u535a\u5ba2<\/p>\n
facebook\uff1a\u8138\u4e66\uff0c\u00a0\u521b\u529e\u4e8e\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u793e\u4ea4\u7f51\u7edc\u670d\u52a1\u7f51\u7ad9\u3002<\/p>\n
twitter: \u63a8\u7279\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e7f\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\u5fae\u535a\u5ba2\u670d\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n
Bloomberg\uff1a\u5f6d\u535a\uff0c\u662f\u5168\u7403\u5546\u4e1a\u3001\u91d1\u878d\u4fe1\u606f\u548c\u8d22\u7ecf\u8d44\u8baf\u7684\u9886\u5148\u63d0\u4f9b\u5546\u3002 \u00a0<\/p>\n
game theory\uff1a\u535a\u5f08\u8bba\uff0c\u53c8\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u5bf9\u7b56\u8bba<\/p>\n
yellow pages\uff1a\u9ec4\u9875<\/p>\n
private equity\uff1a\u79c1\u52df\u57fa\u91d1\uff1b\u79c1\u52df\u80a1\u6743\uff1b\u79c1\u4eba\u80a1\u672c<\/p>\n
trade deficit \uff1a\u8d38\u6613\u9006\u5dee<\/p>\n
bill of lading\uff1a\u63d0\u5355<\/p>\n
tertiary industry\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e09\u4ea7\u4e1a<\/p>\n
\u5206\u671f\u4ed8\u6b3e\uff1ainstallment<\/p>\n
\u8fbe\u4eba\u79c0\uff1a Got Talent\/talent show<\/p>\n
\u6b21\u8d37\u5371\u673a\uff1asubprime mortgage crisis<\/p>\n
\u671d\u6838\u4f1a\u8bae\uff1asix-party talk on North Korea nuclear issue<\/p>\n
\u300a\u56fd\u5bcc\u8bba\u300b\uff1aThe Wealth of Nations<\/p>\n
\u5370\u82b1\u7a0e\uff1astamp duty<\/p>\n
\u7ecf\u6d4e\u9002\u7528\u623f\uff1aAffordable Housing<\/p>\n
\u8282\u80fd\u51cf\u6392\uff1aenergy saving and emission reduction<\/p>\n
\u4ee5\u4eba\u4e3a\u672c:\u00a0Put People First<\/p>\n
\u65b0\u6559\u4f26\u7406:\u00a0Protestant ethic<\/p>\n
ASEAN:\u00a0\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\u56fd\u5bb6\u8054\u76df\uff08\u4e1c\u76df\uff09\uff08Association of Southeast Asian Nations\uff09<\/p>\n
CAT: \u00a0\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u8f85\u52a9\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff08Computer Aided Translation\uff09<\/p>\n
CNN:\u00a0\u7f8e\u56fd\u6709\u7ebf\u7535\u89c6\u65b0\u95fb\u7f51(Cable News Network)<\/p>\n
HBS:\u00a0\u54c8\u4f5b\u5546\u5b66\u9662(Harvard Business School)<\/p>\n
HEC: \u6e2f\u53e3\u8fdb\u5165\u7ba1\u5236\uff08Harbor Entry Control)<\/p>\n
MFNs: \u6700\u60e0\u56fd\uff08most favored nations)<\/p>\n
IMF:\u00a0\u56fd\u9645\u8d27\u5e01\u57fa\u91d1\u7ec4\u7ec7(International Monetary Fund)<\/p>\n
IPO:\u00a0\u9996\u6b21\u516c\u5f00\u52df\u80a1(initial public offering)<\/p>\n
UNCTAD:\u00a0\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u8d38\u6613\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u4f1a\u8bae(United Nations Conference on Trade and Development)<\/p>\n
UNESCO:\u00a0\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u6559\u79d1\u6587\u7ec4\u7ec7(United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization)<\/p>\n
Is the world headed for a food crisis? India, Mexico and Yemen have seen food riots this year. What\u2019s the cause for these shortages and price hikes? Expensive oil, for the most part. The United Nations food and Agriculture Organization \uff08FAO\uff09 reported that, at nearly $100 a barrel,the price of oil has sent the cost of food imports skyrocketing this year. Add in escalating crop prices, the FAO warned, and a direct consequence could soon be an increase in global hunger \u2014and, as a consequence, increased social unrest. What\u2019s more, worldwide food reserves are at their lowest in 35 years, so prices are likely to stay high for the foreseeable future.<\/p>\n
On the demand side, one of the key issues is biofuels. Biofuels, made from food crops such as corn, sugar cane, and palm oil, are seen as easing the world\u2019s dependence on gasoline or diesel. But when crude oil is expensive, as it is now, these alternative energy sources can also be sold at market-competitive prices, rising steeply in relation to petroleum. With one-quarter of the US corn harvest in 2010 diverted towards biofuel production, the attendant rise in cereal prices has already had an impact on the cost and availability of food. Critics worry that the gold rush toward biofuels is taking away food from the hungry. Leaders in the biofuel industry respond that energy costs are more to blame for high food prices than biofuels. \u201cEnergy is the blood of the world, so if oil goes up then other commodities follow,\u201d Claus Sauter, CEO of German bioenergy firms Verbio said. Others argue that cleaner-burning biofuels could help stem the effects of climate change, another factor identified by the FAO as causing food shortages. Analysts note that scientists believe climate change could be behind recent extreme weather patterns, including catastrophic floods, heat waves and drought. All can diminish food harvests and stockpiles. But so can market forces.<\/p>\n
\u4e2d\u7f8e\u822a\u7a7a\u8fd0\u8f93\u5e02\u573a\u5f00\u653e\uff0c\u8ddd\u79bb\u771f\u6b63\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u53cc\u65b9\u673a\u4f1a\u5747\u7b49\u3001\u4e92\u5229\u5171\u8d62\u3002\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u6bb5\u8ddd\u79bb\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6269\u5927\u4e2d\u7f8e\u822a\u7a7a\u8fd0\u8f93\u5e02\u573a\u5f00\u653e\u529b\u5ea6\uff0c\u5c06\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u822a\u7a7a\u4f01\u4e1a\u5e26\u6765\u65b0\u7684\u538b\u529b\u3002\u5728\u4e2d\u5939\u822a\u7a7a\u5ba2\u8fd0\u5e02\u573a\u4e0a\uff0c\u53d7\u5e02\u573a\u9700\u6c42\u3001\u8fd0\u529b\u6295\u653e\u3001\u8fd0\u8425\u7ba1\u7406\u7b49\u56e0\u7d20\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u822a\u7a7a\u4f01\u4e1a\u4e00\u76f4\u5904\u4e8e\u52a3\u52bf\uff0c\u6574\u4f53\u4e0a\u4e00\u76f4\u5904\u4e8e\u4e8f\u635f\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u800c\u7f8e\u56fd\u822a\u7a7a\u4f01\u4e1a\u5219\u4e00\u76f4\u56de\u62a5\u4e30\u539a\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u822a\u7a7a\u8d27\u8fd0\u4f01\u4e1a\u53d1\u5c55\u521a\u521a\u8d77\u6b65\uff0c\u800c\u56fd\u8fd0\u4e1a\u52a1\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u822a\u7a7a\u4e1a\u76ee\u524d\u53d1\u5c55\u6700\u5feb\u7684\u4e1a\u52a1\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u65b9\u9762\u5bf9\u65b0\u822a\u6743\u7684\u5f3a\u52b2\u9700\u6c42\u548c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u8fc7\u5269\u5f62\u6210\u5bf9\u6bd4\uff0c\u5f00\u653e\u9886\u57df\u52a0\u5927\uff0c\u52bf\u5fc5\u4f7f\u8fd9\u79cd\u5dee\u8ddd\u4e5f\u968f\u4e4b\u52a0\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n
\u822a\u7a7a\u5e02\u573a\u5f00\u653e\u529b\u5ea6\u52a0\u5927\uff0c\u5e76\u975e\u7edd\u5bf9\u5229\u7a7a\u3002\u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u4e2d\u7f8e\u822a\u7ebf\u6574\u4f53\u7ade\u4e89\u529b\u4e0d\u5f3a\uff0c\u4f46\u90e8\u5206\u5927\u578b\u822a\u7a7a\u516c\u53f8\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u524d\u5e03\u5c40\uff0c\u4ee5\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u4e8f\u635f\u6362\u53d6\u672a\u6765\u7684\u7e41\u8363\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5f00\u653e\u529b\u5ea6\u7684\u52a0\u5927\uff0c\u4f1a\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e2d\u56fd\u6c11\u822a\u4e1a\u7684\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u52a0\u901f\u884c\u4e1a\u7684\u6574\u5408\uff0c\u52a0\u5feb\u5404\u8fd0\u8425\u516c\u53f8\u6539\u5584\u81ea\u8eab\u72b6\u51b5\uff0c\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u6574\u4e2a\u884c\u4e1a\u7684\u826f\u6027\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7855\u58eb\u82f1\u8bed<\/strong> <\/p>\n \u6c49\u8bed\u5199\u4f5c\u4e0e\u767e\u79d1\u77e5\u8bc6<\/strong>
Part 1: Vocabulary and Grammar. \uff0830 P\uff09<\/strong>
01. The Space Age ____ in October 1957 when the first artificial satellite was launched by the Soviet Union.\u00a0<\/span>
A. initiated\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B. originated\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 C. embarked\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 D. commenced<\/span>
02. John said that he didn\u2019t quite ____ and asked me to repeat what I had said.\u00a0<\/span>
A. snatch up\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B. summon up\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 C. catch on\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 D. watch out<\/span>
03. When he tried to make a ____, he found that the hotel that he wanted was completely filled because of a convention.\u00a0<\/span>
A. complaint\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B. claim\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 C. reservation\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 D. decision<\/span>
04. A budget of five dollars a day is totally ____ for a trip round Europe.\u00a0<\/span>
A. inadequate\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B. incapable\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 C. incompatible\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 D. invalid<\/span>
05. In our highly technological society, the number of jobs for unskilled workers is ____.\u00a0<\/span>
A. shrinking\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B. obscuring\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 C. altering\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 D. constraining<\/span>
06. The fuel of the continental missile is supposed to be ___ by this device.\u00a0<\/span>
A. ignited\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B. lighted\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 C. fired\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 D. inspired<\/span>
07. I worked so late in the office last night that I hardly had time ____ the last bus.\u00a0<\/span>
A. to have caught\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B. to catch\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 C. catching\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 D. having caught<\/span>
08. Frankly speaking, your article is very good except for some ____ mistakes in grammar.\u00a0<\/span>
A. obscure\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B. glaring\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 C. trivial\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 D. rare<\/span>
09. As it turned out to be a small house party, we ____ so formally.\u00a0<\/span>
A. needn\u2019t dress up\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B. did not need have dressed up<\/span>
C. did not need dress up\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 D. needn\u2019t have dressed up<\/span>
10. Certain species disappeared or became ____ as new forms arose that were better adapted to the Earth\u2019s changing environment.\u00a0<\/span>
A. feeble\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B. extinct\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 C. massive\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 D. extinguished<\/span>
11. I apologize if I ____ you, but I assure you it was unintentional.\u00a0<\/span>
A. offend\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B. had offended\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 C. should have offended\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 D. might have offended<\/span>
12. Franklin D. Roosevelt argued that the depression stemmed from the American economy\u2019s ____ flaws.\u00a0<\/span>
A. underlining\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B. vulnerable\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 C. vulgar\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 D. underlying<\/span>
13. Although a teenager, Fred could resist ____ what to do and what not to do.\u00a0<\/span>
A. to be told\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B. having been told<\/span>
C. being told\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 D. to have been told<\/span>
14. I am afraid that you have to alter your ____ views in light of the tragic news that has just arrived.\u00a0<\/span>
A. indifferent\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B. distressing\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 C. optimistic\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 D. pessimistic<\/span>
15. Greater efforts to increase agricultural production must be made if food shortage____ avoided.\u00a0<\/span>
A. is to be\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B. can be<\/span>
C. will be\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 D. has been<\/span>
16. Stop shouting! I can\u2019t hear the football ____.\u00a0<\/span>
A. judgment\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B. interpretation\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 C. commentary\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 D. explanation<\/span>
17. Doing your homework is a sure way to improve your test scores, and this is especially true ____ it comes to classroom tests.\u00a0<\/span>
A. before\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B. as\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 C. since\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 D. when<\/span>
18. Every member of society has to make a ____ to struggle for the freedom of the country.\u00a0<\/span>
A. pledge\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B. warranty\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 C. resolve\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 D. guarantee<\/span>
19. David tends to feel useless and unwanted in a society that gives so much ____ to those who compete well.\u00a0<\/span>
A. prestige\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B. regime\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 C. superiority\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 D. legislation<\/span>
20. The terrorists might have planted a bomb on a plane in Athens, set to ____ when itarrived in New York.\u00a0<\/span>
A. go off\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B. get off\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 C. come off\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 D. carry off<\/span>
21. The younger person\u2019s attraction to stereos cannot be explained only ____ familiarity with technology.\u00a0<\/span>
A. in quest of\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B. by means of\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 C. in terms of\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 D. by virtue of<\/span>
22. By signing the lease we made a ___ to pay a rent of $150 a week.\u00a0<\/span>
A. conception\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B. commission\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 C. commitment\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 D. confinement<\/span>
Part 2: Identify Stylistic Problems. \uff0818 P\uff09<\/strong>
01. By the time Julia Roberts was 23, she had won two academy award nominations, she had also become the world\u2019s most popular female actress.\u00a0<\/span>
A. run on\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B. comma splice\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 C. correct\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 D. fragment<\/span>
02. Since then, Roberts has appeared in fourteen films. Most recently, \u201cMy Best Friend\u2019s Wedding\u201d and \u201cThe Conspiracy Theory.\u201d<\/span>
A. fragment\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B. choppy\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 C. correct\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 D. comma splice<\/span>
03. She didn\u2019t plan to become an actress. She wanted to be six feet tall. She wanted to be a veterinarian. She wanted to be happy and make others happy.\u00a0<\/span>
A. fragment\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B. comma splice\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 C. choppy\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 D. correct<\/span>
04. Although Julia Roberts has had much professional success. In spite of her trouble with several failed relationships.\u00a0<\/span>
A. fragment\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B. choppy\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 C. comma splice\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 D. correct<\/span>
05. Julia Roberts lives in Manhattan, not far from the apartment she once shared with her sister in Greenwich Village.\u00a0<\/span>
A. fragment\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B. comma splice\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 C. correct\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 D. run on<\/span>
06. She came to New York when she was seventeen. Because her older sister lived there and she was influenced by her sister.\u00a0<\/span>
A. fragment\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B. run on\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 C. choppy\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 D. comma splice<\/span>
07. Roberts was raised in Georgia. Her parents ran a theater school there. Her sister and brother are also actors. The family was always short of money.\u00a0<\/span>
A. fragment\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B. choppy\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 C. correct\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 D. run on<\/span>
08. When Julia was four years old, her parents divorced. After eighteen years of marriage.\u00a0<\/span>
A. fragment\u00a0\u00a0 B. run on\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 C. choppy\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 D. correct<\/span>
Part 3: Reading Comprehension \uff0830 P\uff09<\/strong>
Passage A<\/span>
Many United States companies have, unfortunately, made the search for legal protection from import competition into a major line of work. Since 1980 the United States International Trade Commission \uff08ITC\uff09 has received about 280 complaints alleging damage from imports that benefit from subsidies by foreign governments. Another 340 charge that foreign companies \u201cdumped\u201d their products in the United States at \u201cless than fair value.\u201d Even when no unfair practices are alleged, the simple claim that an industry has been injured by imports is sufficient grounds to seek relief.\u00a0<\/span>
Contrary to the general impression, this quest for import relief has hurt more companies than it has helped. As corporations begin to function globally, they develop an intricate web of marketing, production, and research relationships. The complexity of these relationships makes it unlikely that a system of import relief laws will meet the strategic needs of all the units under the same parent company.\u00a0<\/span>
Internationalization increases the danger that foreign companies will use import relief laws against the very companies the laws were designed to protect. Suppose a United States-owned company establishes an overseas plant to manufacture a product while its competitor makes the same product in the United States. If the competitor can prove injury from the imports\u2014and that the United States Company received a subsidy from a foreign government to build its plant abroad\u2014the United States Company\u2019s products will be uncompetitive in the United States, since they would be subject to duties.\u00a0<\/span>
Perhaps the most brazen case occurred when the ITC investigated allegations that Canadian companies were injuring the United States salt industry by dumping rock salt, used to device roads. The bizarre aspect of the complaint was that a foreign conglomerate with United States operations was crying for help against a United States company with foreign operations. The \u201cUnited States\u201d company claiming injury was a subsidiary of a Dutch\u00a0 conglomerate, while the \u201cCanadian\u201d companies included a subsidiary of a Chicago firm that was the second-largest domestic producer of rock salt.\u00a0<\/span>
01. The passage is chiefly concerned with ______.\u00a0<\/span>
A. arguing against the increased internationalization of United States corporations<\/span>
B. warning that the application of laws affecting trade frequently has unintended consequences<\/span>
C. demonstrating that foreign-based firms receive more subsidies from their governments than United States firms receive from the United States government<\/span>
D. advocating the use of trade restrictions for \u201cdumped\u201d products but not for other imports<\/span>
02. It can be inferred from the passage that the minimal basis for a complaint to the International Trade Commission is which of the following?\u00a0<\/span>
A. A foreign competitor has received a subsidy from a foreign government.\u00a0<\/span>
B. A foreign competitor has substantially increased the volume of products shipped to the United States.\u00a0<\/span>
C. A foreign competitor is selling products in the United States at less than fair market value.\u00a0<\/span>
D. The company requesting import relief has been injured by the sale of imports in the United States.\u00a0<\/span>
03. The last paragraph performs which of the following functions in the passage?\u00a0<\/span>
A. It summarizes the discussion thus far and suggests additional areas of research.\u00a0<\/span>
B. It presents a recommendation based on the evidence presented earlier.\u00a0<\/span>
C. It cites a specific ease that illustrates a problem presented more generally in the previous paragraph.\u00a0<\/span>
D. It introduces an additional area of concern not mentioned earlier.\u00a0<\/span>
04. The passage warns of which of the following dangers?\u00a0<\/span>
A. Companies in the United States may receive no protection from imports unless they actively seek protection from import competition.\u00a0<\/span>
B. Companies that seek legal protection from import competition may incur legal costs that far exceed any possible gain.\u00a0<\/span>
C. Companies that are United States owned but operate internationally may not be eligible for protection from import competition under the laws of the countries in which their plants operate.<\/span>
D. Companies that are not United States owned may seek legal protection from import competition under United States import relief laws.\u00a0<\/span>
05. According to the passage, the International Trade Commission is involved in which of the following?\u00a0<\/span>
A. Investigating allegations of unfair import competition<\/span>
B. Granting subsidies to eompanies in the United States that have been injured by import competition<\/span>
C. Recommending legislation to ensure fair trade<\/span>
D. Identifying international corporations that wish to build plants in the United States<\/span>
Passage B<\/span>
Since the late 1970s, in the face Of a severe loss of market share in dozens of industries, manufacturers in the United States have been trying to improve productivity\u2014and therefore enhance their international competitiveness\u2014through cost-cutting programs. \uff08Cost-cutting here is defined as raising labor output while holding the amount of labor constant.\uff09\u00a0<\/span>
However, from 1978 through 1982, productivity\u2014the value of goods manufactured divided by the amount of labor input\u2014did not improve; and while the results were better in the business upturn of the three years following, they ran 25 percent lower than productivity improvements during earlier, post-1945 upturns. At the same time, it became clear that the harder manufactures worked to implement cost-cutting, the more they lost their competitive edge.\u00a0<\/span>
With this paradox in mind, I recently visited 25 companies; it became clear to me that the cost-cutting approach to increasing productivity is fundamentally flawed. Manufacturing\u00a0 regularly observes a \u201c40, 40, 20\u201d rule. Roughly 4o percent of any manufacturing-based\u00a0 competitive advantage derives from long-term changes in manufacturing structure \uff08decisions about the number, size, location, and capacity of facilities\uff09 and in approaches to materials.Another 40 percent comes from major changes in equipment and process technology. The final 20percent rests on implementing conventional cost-cutting. This rule does not imply that cost-cutting should not be tried. The well-known tools of this approach\u2014including simplifying jobs and retraining employees to work smarter, not harder\u2014do produce results. But the tools quickly reach the limits of what they can contribute.\u00a0<\/span>
Another problem is that the cost-cutting approach hinders innovation and discourages creative people. As Abernathy\u2019s study of automobile manufacturers has shown, an industry can easily become prisoner of its own investments in cost-cutting techniques, reducing its ability to develop new products. And managers under pressure to maximize cost-cutting will resist innovation because they know that more fundamental changes in processes or systems will wreak havoc with the results on which they are measured. Production managers have always seen their job as one of minimizing costs and maximizing output. This dimension of performance has until recently sufficed as a basis of evaluation, but it has created a penny-pinching, mechanistic culture in most factories that has kept away creative managers.\u00a0<\/span>
Every company I know that has freed itself from the paradox has done so, in part, by developing and implementing a manufacturing strategy. Such a strategy focuses on the manufacturing\u00a0 structure and on equipment and process technology. In one company a manufacturing strategy that allowed different areas of the factory to specialize in different markets replaced the conventional cost-cutting approach; within three years the company regained its competitive advantage. Together with such strategies, successful companies are also encouraging managers to focus on a wider set of objectives besides cutting costs. There is hope for manufacturing, but it clearly rests on a different way of managing.\u00a0<\/span>
01 The author of the passage is primarily concerned with ______.\u00a0<\/span>
A. summarizing a thesis<\/span>
B. recommending a different approach<\/span>
C. comparing points of view<\/span>
D. making a series of predictions<\/span>
02 It can be inferred from the passage that the manufacturers mentioned in paragraph 1 expected that the measures they implemented would ______.\u00a0<\/span>
A. encourage innovation<\/span>
B. keep labor output constant<\/span>
C. increase their competitive advantage<\/span>
D. permit business upturns to be more easily predicted<\/span>
03. The primary function of the first paragraph of the passage is to ______.\u00a0<\/span>
A. present a historical context for the author\u2019s observations<\/span>
B. anticipate challenges to the prescriptions that follow<\/span>
C. clarify some disputed definitions of economic terms<\/span>
D. summarize a number of long-accepted explanations<\/span>
04. The author refers to Ahernathy\u2019s study most probably in order to ______.\u00a0<\/span>
A. qualify an observation about one rule governing manufacturing<\/span>
B. address possible objections to a recommendation about improving manufacturing competitiveness<\/span>
C. support an earlier assertion about method of increasing productivity<\/span>
D. suggest the centrality in the Unit States economy of a particular manufacturing industry<\/span>
05. The author\u2019s attitude toward the culture in most factories is best described as ______.\u00a0<\/span>
A. cautious\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B. critical\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 C. disinterested\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 D. respectful<\/span>
Passage C<\/span>
It can be argued that much consumer dissatisfaction with marketing strategies arises from an inability to aim advertising at only the likely buyers of a given product. There are three\u00a0<\/span>
groups of consumers who are affected by the marketing process. First, there is the market segment\u2014people who need the commodity in question. Second, there is the program target\u2014people in the market segment with the \u201cbest fit\u201d characteristics for a specific product.\u00a0<\/span>
Lots of people\u2014may need trousers, but only a few qualify as likely buyers of very expensive designer trousers. Finally, there is the program audience\u2014all people who are actually exposed\u00a0<\/span>
to the marketing program without regard to whether they need or want the product.\u00a0<\/span>
These three groups are rarely identical. An exception occurs in cases where customers for a particular industrial product may be few and easily identifiable. Such customers, all\u00a0<\/span>
sharing a particular need, are likely to form a meaningful target, for example, all companies with a particular application of the product in question, such as high-speed fillers of\u00a0<\/span>
bottles at breweries. In such circumstances, direct selling \uff08marketing that reaches only the program target\uff09 is likely to be economically justified, and highly specialized trade media exist<\/span>
to expose members of the program target\u2014and only members of the program target\u2014to the marketing program.\u00a0<\/span>
Most consumer-goods markets are significantly different. Typically, there are many rather than few potential customers. Each represents a relatively small percentage of potential sales.<\/span>
Rarely do members of a particular market segment group themselves neatly into a meaningful program target. There are substantial differences among consumers with similar demographic characteristics.<\/span>
Even with all the past decade\u2019s advances in information technology, direct selling of consumer goods is rare, and mass marketing\u2014- a marketing approach that aims at a wide audience -remains the only economically feasible mode. Unfortunately, there are few media that allow the marketer to direct a marketing program exclusively to the program target. Inevitably, people get exposed to a great deal of marketing for products in which they have no interest and so they become annoyed.\u00a0<\/span>
01. The passage suggests which of the following about highly specialized trade media?\u00a0<\/span>
A. They should be used only when direct selling is not economically feasible.\u00a0<\/span>
B. They can be used to exclude from the program audience people who are not part of the program target.\u00a0<\/span>
C. They are used only for very expensive products.\u00a0<\/span>
D. They are rarely used in the implementation of marketing programs for industrial products.\u00a0<\/span>
02. The passage suggests which of the following about direct selling?\u00a0<\/span>
A. It is used in the marketing of most industrial products.\u00a0<\/span>
B. It is often used in cases where there is a large program target.\u00a0<\/span>
C. It is not economically feasible for most marketing programs.\u00a0<\/span>
D. It is used only for products for which there are many potential customers.\u00a0<\/span>
03. The author mentions \u201ctrousers\u201d in paragraph 1 most likely in order to ______.\u00a0<\/span>
A. make a comparison between the program target and the program audience<\/span>
B. emphasize the similarities between the market segment and the program target<\/span>
C. provide an example of the way three groups of consumers are affected by a marketing program<\/span>
D. clarify the distinction between the market segment and the program target<\/span>
04. \u201cthe product in question\u201d in Line 5, Paragraph 2 means ______.\u00a0<\/span>
A. \u201cthe product in the previous question\u201d<\/span>
B. \u201cthe product under discussion\u201d<\/span>
C. \u201cthe product on sale\u201d<\/span>
D. \u201cthe product in doubt\u201d<\/span>
05. It can be inferred from the passage that which of the following is true for most consumer-goods markets?\u00a0<\/span>
A. The program target and the program audience are not usually identical.\u00a0<\/span>
B. The program audience and the market segment are usually identical.\u00a0<\/span>
C. The market segment and the program target are usually identical.\u00a0<\/span>
D. The program target is larger than the market segment.\u00a0<\/span>
Cloze Test<\/span>
Most economists in the United States seem captivated by the spell of the free market. __16__. A price that is determined by the seller or, for that matter, established by anyone other than the aggregate of consumers seems pernicious. __17__. In fact, price-fixing is normal in all industrialized societies because the industrial system itself provides, as an effortless consequence of its own development, the price-fixing that it requires. Modern industrial planning requires and rewards great size. Hence, a comparatively small number of large firms will be competing for the same group of consumers. That each large firm will act with consideration of its own needs and thus avoid selling its products for more than its competitors charge is commonly recognized by advocates of free-market economic theories. __18__. Each large firm will thus avoid significant price-cutting, because price-cutting would be prejudicial to the common interest in a stable demand for products. Most economists do not see price-fixing when it occurs because they expect it to be brought about by a number of explicit agreements among large firms; it is not.\u00a0<\/span>
Moreover, those economists who argue that allowing the free market to operate without interference is the most efficient method of establishing prices have not considered the economies of non-socialist countries other than the United states. These economies employ intentional price-fixing, usually in an overt fashion. Formal price-fixing by cartel and informal price-fixing by agreements covering the members of an industry are common-place. __19__, the countries that have avoided the first and used the second would have suffered drastically in their economic development. There is no indication that they have.\u00a0<\/span>
Socialist industry also works within a framework of controlled prices. In the early 1970\u2019s, the Soviet Union began to give firms and industries some of the flexibility in adjusting prices that a more informal evolution has accorded the capitalist system. __20__; rather, Soviet firms have been given the power to fix prices.\u00a0<\/span>
A. But each large firm will also act with full consideration of the needs that it has in common with the other large firms competing for the same customers\u00a0<\/span>
B. Consequently, nothing seems good or normal that does not accord with the requirements of the free market\u00a0<\/span>
C. Economists in the United States have hailed the change as a return to the free market. But Soviet firms are no more subject to prices established by a free market over which they exercise little influence than are capitalist firms<\/span>
D. Accordingly, it requires a major act of will to think of price-fixing \uff08the determination of prices by the seller\uff09 as both \u201cnormal\u201d and having a valuable economic function\u00a0<\/span>
E. Were there something peculiarly efficient about the free market and inefficient about price-fixing-o.\u00a0<\/span>
Part 4: Writing. \uff0830 P\uff09<\/strong>
Write an English essay of 250-300 words describing Maslow\u2019s hierarchy of human needs and analyze this model with ONE example. Your writing will be assessed for language, format, structure and content.<\/span><\/p>\n
\u4e00\u3001\u5355\u9879\u9009\u62e9\uff0840\u5206\uff09<\/span>
01. \u300a\u8bd7\u7ecf\u300b\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u53e4\u4ee3\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u8bd7\u6b4c\u603b\u96c6\u3002\u300a\u8bd7\u7ecf\u300b\u539f\u540d\u300a\u8bd7\u300b\u6216\u300a\u8bd7\u4e09\u767e\u300b\u3002\u5230\u4e86\u6c49\u4ee3\u5112\u5bb6\u5b66\u8005\u63a8\u5d07\u5176\u4e3a\u7ecf\u5178\uff0c\u6545\u79f0\u4e3a\u300a\u8bd7\u7ecf\u300b\u3002\u300a\u8bd7\u7ecf\u300b\u5171\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u662f\uff1a____\u3002<\/span>
A. \u96c5\u3001\u98ce\u3001\u8bd7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B. \u98ce\u3001\u96c5\u3001\u9882\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 C. \u98ce\u3001\u96c5\u3001\u6b4c\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 D. \u96c5\u3001\u98ce\u3001\u7ecf<\/span>
02. ____\u662f\u6211\u56fd\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u56fd\u522b\u4f53\u53f2\u4e66\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e8b\u5e74\u4ee3\u8d77\u81ea\u5468\u7a46\u738b\uff0c\u6b62\u4e8e\u9c81\u60bc\u516c\u3002\u5185\u5bb9\u6d89\u53ca\u5468\u3001\u9c81\u3001\u9f50\u3001\u664b\u3001\u90d1\u3001\u695a\u3001\u5434\u3001\u8d8a\u516b\u56fd\u3002<\/span>
A. \u300a\u5de6\u4f20\u300b\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B. \u300a\u6218\u56fd\u7b56\u300b\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 C. \u300a\u56fd\u8bed\u300b\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 D. \u300a\u82df\u4e88\u300b<\/span>
03. \u300a\u58a8\u5b50\u300b\u4e0e\u300a\u8bba\u8bed\u300b\u7684\u533a\u522b\u5728\u4e8e____\u3002<\/span>
A. \u300a\u8bba\u8bed\u300b\u591a\u4f5c\u8bba\u8bc1\uff0c\u800c\u300a\u58a8\u5b50\u300b\u53ea\u4f5c\u8bba\u65ad\u800c\u4e0d\u4f5c\u8bba\u8bc1\u3002<\/span>
B. \u300a\u8bba\u8bed\u300b\u65e2\u4f5c\u8bba\u8bc1\u53c8\u4f5c\u8bba\u65ad\uff0c\u800c\u300a\u58a8\u5b50\u300b\u53ea\u4f5c\u8bba\u65ad\u4e0d\u4f5c\u8bba\u8bc1\u3002<\/span>
C. \u300a\u8bba\u8bed\u300b\u53ea\u4f5c\u8bba\u65ad\u800c\u4e0d\u4f5c\u8bba\u8bc1\u3002\u800c\u300a\u58a8\u5b50\u300b\u662f\u5728\u63d0\u51fa\u8bba\u9898\u540e\u8fdb\u884c\u8bba\u8bc1\uff0c\u4e14\u8bba\u8bc1\u5e38\u5e38\u4ece\u5177\u4f53\u4e8b\u4f8b\u5f15\u51fa\u8bae\u8bba\u3002\u8fdb\u884c\u5f52\u7eb3\u3002<\/span>
D. \u300a\u8bba\u8bed\u300b\u662f\u5728\u63d0\u51fa\u8bba\u9898\u540e\u8fdb\u884c\u8bba\u8bc1\uff0c\u4e14\u8bba\u8bc1\u5e38\u5e38\u4ece\u5177\u4f53\u4e8b\u4f8b\u5f15\u51fa\u8bae\u8bba\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u5f52\u7eb3\uff0c\u800c\u300a\u58a8\u5b50\u300b\u662f\u4f5c\u8bba\u8bc1\u800c\u4e0d\u4f5c\u8bba\u65ad\u3002<\/span>
04. \u4ee5\u4e0b____\u90e8\u4f5c\u54c1\u662f\u7ee7\u300a\u53f2\u8bb0\u300b\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u53c8\u4e00\u90e8\u5bcc\u6709\u6563\u6587\u7279\u8272\u7684\u53f2\u5b66\u5de8\u8457\uff08\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a\u73ed\u56fa\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u4e0d\u5c11\u51fa\u8272\u7684\u4eba\u7269\u4f20\u8bb0\uff0c\u5982\u300a\u4e1c\u65b9\u6714\u4f20\u300b\u3001\u300a\u82cf\u6b66\u4f20\u300b\u7b49\u3002<\/span>
A. \u300a\u6c49\u4e66\u300b\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B. \u300a\u970d\u5149\u4f20\u300b\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 C. \u300a\u53f2\u8bb0\u522b\u4f20\u300b\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 D. \u300a\u53f2\u8bb0\u540e\u4f20\u300b<\/span>
05. \u4e94\u8a00\u8bd7\u662f\u6211\u56fd\u53e4\u5178\u8bd7\u6b4c\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5b83\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u8bd7\u6b4c\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e00\u6837\u90fd\u662f\u4ece\u6c11\u95f4\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u3002\u5176\u4e2d____\u662f\u4e94\u8a00\u8bd7\u4e2d\u6700\u6770\u51fa\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u3002<\/span>
A. \u300a\u53e4\u8bd7\u5341\u516d\u9996\u300b\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B. \u300a\u53e4\u8bd7\u5341\u4e03\u9996\u300b\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 C. \u300a\u53e4\u8bd7\u5341\u516b\u9996\u300b\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 D. \u300a\u53e4\u8bd7\u5341\u4e5d\u9996\u300b<\/span>
06. \u4ee3\u8868\u6e05\u4ee3\u620f\u5267\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u6210\u5c31\u7684\u662f____\u548c____\u3002<\/span>
A. \u5b54\u5c1a\u4efb\u7684\u300a\u957f\u751f\u6bbf\u300b\u548c\u6d2a\u6607\u7684\u300a\u6843\u82b1\u6247\u300b<\/span>
B. \u6d2a\u6607\u7684\u300a\u957f\u751f\u822c\u300b\u548c\u5b54\u5c1a\u4efb\u7684\u300a\u6843\u82b1\u6247\u300b<\/span>
C. \u674e\u4f2f\u5143\u7684\u300a\u5b98\u573a\u73b0\u884c\u8bb0\u300b\u548c\u66fe\u6734\u7684\u300a\u5b7d\u6d77\u82b1\u300b<\/span>
D. \u66fe\u6734\u7684\u300a\u5b98\u573a\u73b0\u884c\u8bb0\u300b\u548c\u674e\u4f2f\u5143\u7684\u300a\u5b7d\u6d77\u82b1\u300b<\/span>
07. \u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u5b66\u53f2\u4e0a\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u957f\u7bc7\u8bbd\u523a\u5c0f\u8bf4\u662f____\u3002<\/span>
A. \u300a\u7ea2\u697c\u68a6\u300b\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B. \u300a\u804a\u658b\u5fd7\u5f02\u300b\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 C. \u300a\u8001\u6b8b\u6e38\u8bb0\u300b\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 D. \u300a\u5112\u6797\u5916\u53f2\u300b<\/span>
08. 1918\u5e745\u6708\uff0c\u4e00\u90e8\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u73b0\u4ee3\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7684\u5f00\u5c71\u4e4b\u4f5c\u53d1\u8868\u4e8e\u300a\u65b0\u9752\u5e74\u300b\uff0c\u8fd9\u90e8\u5c0f\u8bf4\u540d\u4e3a\u9c81\u8fc5\u5148\u751f\u7684____\u3002<\/span>
A. \u300a\u5b54\u5df2\u5df1\u300b\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B. \u300a\u836f\u300b\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 C. \u300a\u72c2\u4eba\u65e5\u8bb0\u300b\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 D. \u300a\u5450\u558a\u300b<\/span>
09. \u300a\u5973\u795e\u300b\u6211\u56fd\u6587\u5b66\u53f2\u4e0a\u4e00\u90e8\u5177\u6709\u7a81\u51fa\u6210\u5c31\u548c\u5de8\u5927\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u65b0\u8bd7\u96c6\uff0c\u51fa\u7248\u4e8e1921\u5e748\u6708\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u6709\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u7684\u662f\u8bd7\u7bc7____\u3002<\/span>
A. \u300a\u4e91\u6e38\u300b\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B. \u300a\u98ce\u51f0\u6d85\u5de2\u300b\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 C. \u300a\u5973\u795e\u4e4b\u518d\u751f\u300b\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 D. \u300a\u5730\u7403\uff0c\u6211\u7684\u6bcd\u4eb2\u300b<\/span>
10. 20\u4e16\u7eaa30\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u620f\u5267\u521b\u4f5c\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u957f\u8db3\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u66f9\u79ba\u7684\u300a\u96f7\u96e8\u300b\u3001\u300a\u65e5\u51fa\u300b\u3001\u300a\u539f\u91ce\u300b\u590f\u884d\u7684____\uff0c\u7530\u6c49\u7684\u300a\u56de\u6625\u4e4b\u66f2\u300b\uff0c\u6d2a\u6df1\u7684\u300a\u4e94\u594e\u6865\u300b\uff0c\u674e\u5065\u543e\u7684\u300a\u8fd9\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u6625\u5929\u300b\u90fd\u662f\u4f18\u79c0\u7684\u5267\u4f5c\u3002<\/span>
A. \u300a\u4e0a\u6d77\u5c4b\u6a90\u4e0b\u300b\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B. \u300a\u811a\u6b65\u96c6\u300b\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 C. \u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u897f\u5317\u89d2\u300b\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 D. \u300a\u753b\u68a6\u5f55\u300b<\/span>
11. 20\u4e16\u7eaa30\u5e74\u4ee3\u662f\u73b0\u4ee3\u5c0f\u8bf4\u53d1\u5c55\u6700\u4e3a\u8f89\u714c\u7684\u9636\u6bb5\u3002\u6700\u5177\u6587\u5b66\u624d\u534e\u7684\u4f5c\u5bb6\u6709\u5df4\u91d1\u3001\u8001\u820d\u3001\u6c88\u4ece\u6587\u3001\u8305\u76fe\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u54ea\u90e8\u4f5c\u54c1\u662f\u6c88\u4ece\u6587\u5148\u751f\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\uff1f<\/span>
A. \u300a\u5bb6\u300b\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B. \u300a\u9a86\u9a7c\u7965\u5b50\u300b\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 C. \u300a\u8fb9\u57ce\u300b\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 D. \u300a\u5b50\u591c\u300b<\/span>
12. \u636e\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u8f7d\uff0c\u5927\u7ea6\u5728\u516c\u5143\u524d21\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u5927\u79b9\u7684\u513f\u5b50\u542f\u7ee7\u4f4d\uff0c\u81ea\u79f0\u4e3a\u738b\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5974\u96b6\u5236\u56fd\u5bb6____\u3002<\/span>
A. \u5546\u671d\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B. \u590f\u671d\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 C. \u897f\u5468\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 D. \u79e6\u671d<\/span>
13. \u5728\u5510\u592a\u5b97\u674e\u4e16\u6c11\u7edf\u6cbb\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u653f\u6743\u5de9\u56fa\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u6bd4\u8f83\u5b89\u5b9a\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u8fc5\u901f\uff0c\u56fd\u529b\u5f3a\u76db\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u628a\u8fd9\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\u6bd4\u8f83\u6e05\u660e\u7684\u5c01\u5efa\u7edf\u6cbb\u53eb\u505a____\u3002<\/span>
A. \u201c\u5f00\u5143\u76db\u4e16\u201d\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B. \u201c\u5eb7\u4e7e\u76db\u4e16\u201d\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 C. \u201c\u8d1e\u89c2\u4e4b\u6cbb\u201d\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 D. \u201c\u53d8\u9769\u65f6\u671f\u201d<\/span>
14. \u5b50\u66f0\uff1a\u201c\u4e2d\u4eba\u4ee5\u4e0a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bed\u4e0a\u4e5f\uff0c\u4e2d\u4eba\u4ee5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bed\u4e0a\u4e5f\u3002\u201d\u8fd9\u8868\u660e\u4ed6\u63d0\u5021____\u3002<\/span>
A. \u542f\u53d1\u8bf1\u5bfc\uff0c\u53cd\u5bf9\u6ce8\u5165\u5f0f\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u65b9\u5f0f<\/span>
B. \u56e0\u6750\u65bd\u6559\uff0c\u4e3b\u5f20\u4f9d\u5bf9\u8c61\u800c\u8fdb\u884c\u6559\u5b66<\/span>
C. \u4e3a\u56fd\u4e3e\u8d24\uff0c\u5ba3\u4f20\u201d\u4ec1\u201d\u4e3a\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u601d\u60f3<\/span>
D. \u6709\u6559\u65e0\u7c7b\uff0c\u6253\u7834\u8d35\u65cf\u5784\u65ad\u6587\u5316\u7684\u5c40\u9762<\/span>
15. \u4e2d\u56fd\u53e4\u4ee3\u81ea\u6c49\u6b66\u5e1d\u540e\uff0c\u5112\u5bb6\u8457\u4f5c\u88ab\u5c0a\u4e3a\u7ecf\uff0c\u4eab\u6709\u5d07\u9ad8\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u7ecf\u4e66\u4e2d\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u300a\u56db\u4e66\u300b\u3001\u300a\u4e94\u7ecf\u300b\u548c\u300a\u5341\u4e09\u7ecf\u300b\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u300a\u4e94\u7ecf\u300b\u662f\u6307____\u3002<\/span>
A. \u300a\u8bba\u8bed\u300b\u3001\u300a\u5c14\u96c5\u300b\u3001\u300a\u5b5f\u5b50\u300b\u3001\u300a\u4e2d\u5eb8\u300b\u3001\u300a\u8bd7\u7ecf\u300b\u3002<\/span>
B. \u300a\u8bd7\u7ecf\u300b\u3001\u300a\u5c14\u96c5\u300b\u3001\u300a\u4e2d\u5eb8\u300b\u3001\u300a\u5927\u5b66\u300b\u3001\u300a\u5b5f\u5b50\u300b<\/span>
C. \u300a\u8bd7\u7ecf\u300b\u3001\u300a\u5c1a\u4e66\u300b\u3001\u300a\u5468\u6613\u300b\u3001\u300a\u793c\u4eea\u300b\u3001\u300a\u6625\u79cb\u300b<\/span>
D. \u300a\u8bba\u8bed\u300b\u3001\u300a\u4e2d\u5eb8\u300b\u3001\u300a\u5468\u6613\u300b\u3001\u300a\u6625\u79cb\u300b\u3001\u300a\u5927\u5b66\u300b<\/span>
16. \u5728\u5148\u79e6\u8bf8\u5bb6\u5b66\u6d3e\u4e2d\uff0c\u6cd5\u5bb6\u662f\u665a\u8d77\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u601d\u60f3\u6d3e\u522b\uff0c\u5bf9\u6cd5\u5236\u6700\u4e3a\u91cd\u89c6\u7684\u3002\u628a\u6cd5\u5bb6\u601d\u60f3\u53d1\u5c55\u5230\u6700\u9ad8\u70b9\u3001\u96c6\u6cd5\u5bb6\u4e4b\u5927\u6210\u8005\u662f____\u3002<\/span>
A. \u58a8\u5b50\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B. \u97e9\u975e\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 C. \u5e84\u5b50\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 D. \u8340\u5b50<\/span>
17. \u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u53e4\u4ee3\u4e66\u6cd5\u53f2\u4e0a\uff0c\u6709\u8457\u540d\u7684\u201c\u6977\u4e66\u56db\u5927\u5bb6\u201d\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5206\u522b\u662f____\u3002<\/span>
A. \u6b27\u9633\u8be2\u3001\u989c\u771f\u537f\u3001\u67f3\u516c\u6743\u548c\u8d75\u5b5f\u982b<\/span>
B. \u6b27\u9633\u8be2\u3001\u82cf \u8f7c\u3001\u9ec4\u5ead\u575a\u548c\u67f3\u516c\u6743<\/span>
C. \u7f8a \u6b23\u3001\u67f3\u516c\u6743\u3001\u9ec4\u5ead\u575a\u548c\u8d75\u5b5f\u982b<\/span>
D. \u82cf \u8f7c\u3001\u6b27\u9633\u8be2\u3001\u67f3\u516c\u6743\u548c\u8d75\u5b5f\u982b<\/span>
18. \u4ece\u6280\u6cd5\u4e0a\u5206\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u753b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u4e3a____\u3002<\/span>
A. \u5199\u610f\u753b\u548c\u91cd\u5f69\u753b\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B. \u91cd\u5f69\u753b\u548c\u6c34\u63cf\u753b\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 C. \u5de5\u7b14\u753b\u548c\u58c1\u753b\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 D. \u5de5\u7b14\u753b\u548c\u5199\u610f\u753b<\/span>
19. \u4e2d\u56fd\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u533b\u5b66\u8457\u4f5c\u6210\u4e66\u4e88\u6625\u79cb\u6218\u56fd\u65f6\u671f\u3002\u8be5\u4e66\u603b\u7ed3\u4e86\u5148\u79e6\u533b\u5b66\u5b9e\u8df5\u548c\u7406\u8bba\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u4eba\u4f53\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u89c2\u5ff5\u3002\u8fd9\u90e8\u533b\u5b66\u8457\u4f5c\u662f____\u3002<\/span>
A. \u300a\u6613\u7ecf\u300b\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B. \u300a\u9ec4\u5e1d\u5185\u7ecf\u300b\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 C. \u300a\u4f24\u5bd2\u6742\u75c5\u8bba\u300b\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 D. \u300a\u5185\u7ecf\u300b<\/span>
20. \u5510\u4ee3\u7684\u300a\u8336\u7ecf\u300b\u7cfb\u7edf\u5730\u603b\u7ed3\u4e86\u79cd\u8336\u3001\u996e\u8336\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u53d9\u8ff0\u4e86\u8336\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8fdb\u5c55\u3002\u88ab\u8a89\u4e3a\u201d\u8336\u5723\u201d\u7684\u300a\u8336\u7ecf\u300b\u4f5c\u8005\u662f____\u3002<\/span>
A. \u674e\u767d\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B. \u5218\u4f36\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 C. \u675c\u752b\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 D. \u9646\u7fbd<\/span>
21. \u5361\u8fea\u592b\uff08Cardiff\uff09\u662f\u82f1\u56fd____\u7684\u9996\u90fd\u3002<\/span>
A. \u82f1\u683c\u5170\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B. \u82cf\u683c\u5170\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 C. \u5a01\u5c14\u58eb\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 D. \u5317\u7231\u5c14\u5170<\/span>
22. \u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u54ea\u4f4d\u4e0d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u82f1\u56fd\u6e56\u7554\u8bd7\u4eba?\u00a0<\/span>
A. \u9a9a\u585e\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B. \u534e\u5179\u534e\u65af\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 C. \u67ef\u52d2\u5f8b\u6cbb\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 D. \u62dc\u4f26<\/span>
23. \u300a\u4ed9\u540e\u300b\uff081590-1596\uff09\u91c7\u7528\u4e2d\u53e4\u9a91\u58eb\u4f20\u5947\u7684\u4f53\u88c1\uff0c\u4ee5\u5bd3\u8a00\u4e3a\u4e3b\u8981\u624b\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f20\u8fbe\u4e86\u6b63\u5728\u5174\u8d77\u7684\u6e05\u6559\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u4e25\u5cfb\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u89c2\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u662f\uff1a____\u3002<\/span>
A. \u5f25\u5c14\u987f\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B. \u65af\u5bbe\u585e\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 C. \u9093\u6069\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 D. \u4e54\u53df<\/span>
24. \u51ef\u5c14\u7279\u4eba\u662f_____\u7684\u7956\u5148\u3002<\/span>
A. \u82f1\u683c\u5170\u4eba\u3001\u82cf\u683c\u5170\u548c\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u4eba\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B. \u5a01\u5c14\u58eb\u3001\u82cf\u683c\u5170\u548c\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u4eba<\/span>
C. \u82f1\u683c\u5170\u3001\u5a01\u5c14\u58eb\u4eba\u548c\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u4eba\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 D. \u82f1\u683c\u5170\u3001\u82cf\u683c\u5170\u548c\u5a01\u5c14\u58eb\u4eba<\/span>
25. \u82f1\u56fd\u6700\u957f\u7684\u6cb3\u6d41\u662f\uff1a____\u3002<\/span>
A. \u8d5b\u6587\u6cb3\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B. \u6cf0\u6664\u58eb\u6cb3\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 C. \u514b\u83b1\u5fb7\u6cb3\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 D. \u83b1\u8335\u6cb3<\/span>
26. \u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u54ea\u90e8\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e0d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u838e\u58eb\u6bd4\u4e9a\u7684\u60b2\u5267\uff1a____\u3002<\/span>
A. \u7f57\u5bc6\u6b27\u4e0e\u6731\u8389\u53f6\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B. \u9ea6\u514b\u767d\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 C. \u54c8\u59c6\u96f7\u7279\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 D. \u4ef2\u590f\u591c\u4e4b\u68a6<\/span>
27. 1605\u5e7411\u67085\u65e5\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u51e0\u4e2a\u72c2\u70ed\u7684\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5f92\u4f01\u56fe\u5728\u8bae\u4f1a\u5927\u53a6\u70b8\u6b7b\u56fd\u738b\u548c\u5927\u81e3\uff0c\u53f2\u79f0\u201c\u706b\u836f\u9634\u8c0b\u6848\u201d\uff0c\u5176\u59cb\u4f5c\u4fd1\u8005\u662f____\u3002<\/span>
A. \u798f\u514b\u65af\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B. \u5bcc\u5170\u514b\u6797\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 C. \u67e5\u5c14\u65af\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 D. \u514b\u4f26\u5a01\u5c14<\/span>
28. \u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u4e94\u5927\u6f6e\u6307\u7684\u662f\uff1a____\u3002<\/span>
A. \u5bc6\u6b47\u6839\u6e56\u3001\u82cf\u5fc5\u5229\u5c14\u6f6e\u3001\u4f0a\u5229\u6f6e\u3001\u4f11\u4f26\u6e56\u3001\u5b89\u5927\u7565\u6e56<\/span>