I. Translate the following two passages into English (75 points):
1. 我们将高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜，以邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想为指导，深入贯彻落实科学发展观，继续处理好保持经济平稳较快发展、调整经济结构、管理通胀预期的关系，加快推进经济发展方式转变和经济结构调整，着力保障和改善民生，努力巩固经济社会发展良好势头。我们将坚持“一国两制”、“港人治港”、“澳人治澳”、高度自治的方针，同广大香港同胞、澳门同胞携手努力，保持香港、澳门长期繁荣稳定。我们将坚持“和平统一、一国两制”的方针，继续推动两岸关系和平发展，维护中华民族根本利益，增进两岸同胞共同利益。
和平、发展、合作是时代的呼唤，是各国人民共同利益之所在。当前，世界多极化、经济全球化深入发展，各国相互依存日益加深，但世界经济复苏的不稳定性不确定性上升，国际和地区热点此起彼伏，世界和平与发展面临新的机遇和挑战。中国将继续恪守维护世界和平、促进共同发展的外交政策宗旨。（40%)（选自-胡锦涛发表2012年新年贺词 共同促进世界和平与发展 Mtizt.com注）
参考译文：In the new year, we will unswervingly adhere to the road of socialism with Chinese characteristics, follow the guidelines of Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thought of Three Represents, and further carry out the Scientific Outlook on Development. We will continue to properly deal with the relationship among maintaining a stable and relatively fast economic growth, adjusting economic structure and managing inflation expectations. We will accelerate the change of economic development mode and structural adjustment, focus on ensuring and improving people’s livelihood and work hard to consolidate the healthy momentum of economic and social development. We will uphold the principles of “one country, two systems”, “Hong Kong people governing Hong Kong” and “Macao people governing Macao” with a high degree of autonomy. We will work together with our compatriots in Hong Kong and Macao to maintain long-term prosperity and stability in the two Special Administrative Regions. We will adhere to the principles of “peaceful reunification and one country, two systems,” continue to promote the peaceful development of cross-Straits relations, maintain the essential interests of the Chinese nation and enhance the common interests of compatriots on both sides of the Taiwan Straits.
Peace, development and cooperation are the calls of the time and serve the common interests of people of all countries. At present, the world is moving further towards political multi-polarity and economic globalization while countries are depending more and more on each other. However, the recovery of the world economy is facing growing instability and uncertainty. International and regional hot issues have cropped up one after another. World peace and development are facing new opportunities and challenges. China will continue to follow its diplomatic mission of maintaining world peace and promoting common development.
2.有时候，在工作中重要的倒是能否处理好人际关系而不是有多大的才能。人际关系就是一种 善于听取别人的意见，体察别人的需要，虚心接受批评的能力。善于处理人际关系的人敢于承认 错误，敢于承担自己的责任，这是对待错误的一种成熟和负责任的态度。这就是为什么许多平平 庸庸的公司雇员在大调整中保住了位置，而有才能的人反而下岗。因为他们很注意处理各方面的 关系，所以八面玲珑，到处有缘。而人际关系差的人往往不能处理好批评。碰到错误，他们首先 想到自己，拒不承认自己有错，或情绪低落或大发雷霆，成为有刺的人，难以相处。（35%)
参考译文：Sometimes it is interpersonal skills rather than professional skills that really count in your career. Interpersonal skills are nothing but the ability to be good listener, to be sensitive toward other’ needs, to take criticism well. People with skill in social relations admit their mistakes, and take their share of blame, which is a mature and responsible way to handle an error. That’s why many mediocre employees survive violent corporate upheavals while people of great talent are being laid off. Sensitive in their dealings with others, they are well liked everywhere. People with poor interpersonal skills have trouble taking criticism. When confronted with a mistake, they let their ego get in the way. They deny responsibility and became moody or angry. They mark themselves as “prickly”.
II. Translate the following three passages into Chinese (75 points):
1. While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians, modem practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past. Caught in the web of its won time and place, each generation of historians determines anew what is significant for it in the past.
Interest in historical methods has arisen less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves. While history once showed its close relationship with literature and philosophy the emerging social sciences seemed to afford greater opportunities for asking new questions and providing rewarding approaches to an understanding of the past. Social science methodologies had to be adapted to a discipline governed by the primacy of historical sources rather than the imperatives of the contemporary world. During this transfer traditional historical methods were augmented by additional methodologies designed to interpret the new forms of evidence in the historical study. (25%)
参考译文：几乎每个历史学家对史学都有自己的界定，但现代史学家的实践最趋向于认为历史学是试图重现过去的重大史实并对其作出解释。由于受到自己所处的时代和地域的限制，每一代历史学家都要重新确定过去对他们而言的重要历史。在调查中，被发现的证据总是不完整并且分散的，也经常是局部的或是党派的。
人们更加关注历史研究的方法论，并不是因为外界并不认为历史是一门学问，更多的是因为史学界内部意见不一。然而对历史的研究一度被加快由于其与文学和哲学的密切关系，新兴的自然科学似乎为提出新问题以及提供有价值的机会来理解过去提供了更好的机会。自然科学方法论于是被归为先前的历史资源而不是当今世界的。在这种转变中，历史学家研究历史时，那些解释新史料的新方法充实了传统的历史研究方法。
2. Since Darwin biologists have been firmly convinced that nature works without plan or meaning pursuing no aim by the direct road of design. But today we see that this conviction is a fatal error. Why should evolution exactly as Darwin knew it and described it be planless and irrational? Do not aircraft design engineers work at precisely that point where specific calculations and plans give out according to the same principle of evolution when they test the serviceability of a great number of statistically determined forms in the wind tunnel in order to choose the one that functions best? Can we say that there is no process of natural selection when nuclear physicists through thousands of computer operations try to find out which materials in which combinations and with what structural form are best suited to the building of an atomic reactor? They also practise no designed adaptation but work by the principle of selection. But it would never occur to anyone to call their method planless and irrational.
参考译文：达尔文以后的生物学家们一直相信，大自然的运行是没有计划没有意义的，不会按照预先设定的途径实现任何目的。但是，今天我们知道，这一看法是个严重的错误。为什么恰如达尔文所理解和描述的那样，进化就该是无计划和无理性的呢?飞机设计师们利用风洞检测根据统计数据制造的大量机体模型的耐用性能，在具体运算和计划不起作用的情况下，为选出功能最佳的设计，他们不也正是根据同样的进化原理进行工作的吗?核物理学家经过上万次的计算机运算，试图找出哪些材料，以怎样的结合方式，以及什么结构形式最适宜用于建造原子核反应堆，我们能够说这中间没有自然选择的过程么?他们进行的适应性调节也未经过事先设计，而是根据选择原理进行的。但是人们从未认为这种方法是无计划、无理性的。
3. Within a very short time of coming back into power, the present government had taken steps to stabilize the position. First of all, we applied ourselves to identifying the root causes of our national ailments examining contemporary evidence and refusing to be slaves to outmoded doctrinaire beliefs. Secondly, we embarked on a reasoned policy to ensure steady economic growth the modernization of industry and a proper balance between public and private expenditure. Thirdly, by refusing to take refuge—as the previous Government had continually done in the preceding years一in panic-stricken stop-gap measures, we stimulated the return of international confidence. As a result of those immediate measures and aided by the tremendous effort which they evoked from our people who responded as so often before to a firm hand at the helm, we weathered the storm and moved on into calmer waters and a period of economic expansion and social reorganization. (25%)
参考译文：在重新执政后极短的时间里，本届政府就采取了许多措施来稳定局势。首先，我们致力于找出国内种种常弊病的根本原因仔细研究当时的症状，而不是墨守过时的成规教条。第二我们采取了经过深思熟虑的政策以保证经济的稳步发展，工业的现代化，以及公私支出之间的平衡。第三，我们没有采取上届政府前几年的一贯做法，没有因为惊慌失措而安于一些补漏洞的权宜之计，因此我们促使了我们国际信誉得到恢复。由于采取了这些措施，由于我国人民——他们一如既往，对坚定的掌舵人作出积极的响应——在这些措施激励之下作出了巨大的努力，为我们提供了帮助，我们经受了风暴，进入了比较平静的海面，进入了一个经济发展与社会重组的时期。
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