上海海事大学2011年翻译硕士(MTI)真题




I. Phrase Translation

GM food: 转基因食品(genetically modified food)

CPI: 消费物价指数(Consumer Price Index)

GDP: 国内生产总值(Gross Domestic Product)

NBA: 全美篮球协会(National Basketball Association)  

NASDAQ: 全国证券交易商自动报价系统协会(National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation)

HSBC: 汇丰银行(Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation)

Federal Reserve: 美联储;美国联邦储备委员会;美国联邦储备系统

Euro: 欧洲(European); 欧元

Patriot missile: 爱国者导弹

currency appreciation: 货币升值

exchange rate: 汇率

multilateral trade talks:多边贸易谈判

domestically-oriented economy: 内向型经济

exclusive agency: 独家代理商

Paternity test: 亲子鉴定;亲权鉴定;亲子血缘关系监定

民工: migrant worker; a labourer working on a public project

脱口秀: talk show

九五折: a five percent discount; a 95 percent charge

泥石流: debris flow; detritus stream

低碳经济: Low-carbon economy

劳动密集型产业: labor-intensive industry

金砖四国: the BRICs; the BRIC countries

人头税: poll tax; capitation tax

(联合国)安理会: (UN) security council

微软公司: Microsoft

上市公司: listed company; public company

董事会: Board of Directors; board

一次性筷子: disposable chopsticks

和谐社会: harmonious society

第六次全国人口普查: the sixth nationwide population census

II. Passage translation

Section A English to Chinese

Before the invention and diffusion of writing, translation was instantaneous and oral; persons professionally specializing in such work were called interpreters. In predominantly or wholly literate communities, translation is thought of as the conversion of a written text in another, though the modern emergence of the simultaneous translator or professional interpreter at international conferences keeps the oral side of translation very much alive.

The translation of poetry, especially into poetry, presents very special difficulties, and the better the original poem, the harder the translator’s task. This is because poetry is, in the first instance, carefully contrived to express exactly what the poet wants to say. Second, to achieve this end, the poet calls forth all the resources of the language in which he is writing, matching the choice of words, the order of words, and grammatical constructions, as well as phonological features peculiar to the language in metre, perhaps supplemented by rhyme, assonance, and alliteration. The available resources differ from language to language.

At the other end of the translator’s spectrum, technical prose dealing with internationally agreed scientific subjects is probably the easiest type of material to translate, because cultural unification (in this respect), lexical correspondences, and stylistic similarity already exist in this type of usage in the languages most commonly involved, to a higher degree than in other fields of discourse.

Translation on the whole is an art, not a science. Guidance can be given and general principles can be taught, but after that it must be left to the individual’s own feeling for the two languages concerned. Almost inevitably, in a translation of a work of literature something of the author’s original intent must be lost; in those cases in which the translation is said to be a better work than the original, an opinion sometimes expressed about the English writer Edward Fitzgerald’s “translation” of The Rubáiyát of Omar Khayyám, one is dealing with a new, though derived, work, not just a translation. The Italian epigram remains justified:Traduttore traditore “The translator is a traitor.” ————-Excerpts from The New Encyclopaedia Britannica

Section B Chinese to English

在人类发展史上,曾今出现过西亚两河流域巴比伦文明,北非尼罗河流域的古埃及文明,地中海北岸的古希腊——罗马文明,南亚印度河流域的古文明,发源于黄河——长江流域的中华文明,等等。由于地震,洪水,瘟疫,灾荒,由于异族入侵和内部动乱,这些古文明,有的衰落了,有的消亡了,有的融入了其他文明。只有中华文明,以其顽强的凝聚力和隽永的魅力,历经沧桑而完整地延续了下来。
中华民族的传统文化博大精深,源远流长。早在2000多年前,就产生了以孔孟为代表的儒家学说和以老庄为代表的道家学说,以及其他许多也在中国思想史上有地位的学说流派,这就是有名的“诸子百家”。中华民族传统文化有它的许多珍贵品质。比如,强调仁爱,强调群体,强调和而不同,强调天下为公。所有这些,对家庭,国家和社会起到了巨大的维系与调节作用。

上海海事大学 2011-2013 翻译硕士 真题下载:百度云

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