I. Phrase Translation
1. Translate the following English terms or phrases into Chinese (15 points)
(1) population census
(2) cyber opinion
(3) marital autonomy
(4) global economic imbalances
(5) scientific literacy
(6) paternity test
(7) opening game
(8) defenoing champion
(9) UN climate change conference
(10) Six-Party talks
(11) Asian Para Games
(12) ECFA
(13) WHO
(14) ISO
(15)PICC
2. Translate the following Chinese terms or phrases Into English (15 points)
(16)弱势群体
(17) 城市竞争力
(18) 房产税
19) 合同违约
20) 现场招聘
21) 廉租房
22) 流动入口
23) 社会保障体系
24) 贫富差距
25) 基本国情
(26) 低碳经济
(27) 个人财产申报
(28) 产业结构调整
(29) 孔子学院
(30) 清明节
II. Passage Translation
1. Translate the following passage into Chinese (60 points)
Intelligent life on a planet comes of age when it first works out the reason for its own existence. If superior creatures from space ever visit earth, the first question they will ask, in order to assess the level of our civilization, is: “Have they discovered evolution yet?” Living organisms had existed on earth, without ever knowing why, for over three thousand million years before the truth finally dawned on one of them. His name was Charles Darwin. To be fair, others had had inklings of the truth, but it was Darwin who first put together a coherent and tenable account of why we exist. Darwin made it possible for us to give a sensible answer to the curious child whose question heads this chapter. We no longer have to resort to superstition when faced with the deep problems: Is there a meaning to life? What are we for? What is man? After posing the last of these questions, the eminent zoologist G. G. Simpson put it thus: “The point I want to make now is that all attempts to answer that question before 1859 are worthless and that we will be better off if we ignore them completely.”
Today the theory of evolution is about as much open to doubt as the theory that the earth goes round the sun, but the full implications of Darwin’s revolution have yet to be widely realized. Zoology is still a minority subject in universities, and even those who choose to study it often make their decision without appreciating its profound philosophical significance. Philosophy and the subjects known as “humanities” are still taught almost as if Darwin had never lived. No doubt this will change in time. In any case, this book is not intended as a general advocacy of Darwinism. Instead, it will explore the consequences of the evolution theory for a particular issue. My purpose is to examine the biology of selfishness and altruism.
Apart from its academic interest, the human importance of this subject is obvious. It touches every aspect of our social lives, our loving and hating, fighting and cooperating, giving and stealing, our greed and our generosity. These are claims that could have been made for Lorenz’s On Aggression, Ardrey’s The Social Contract, and Eibl-Eibesfeldt’s Love and Hate. The trouble with these books is that their authors got it totally and utterly wrong. They got it wrong because they misunderstood how evolution works. They made the erroneous assumption that the important thing in evolution is the good of the species (or the group) rather than the good of the individual (or the gene).
2. Translate the following passage intoEnglish (60 points)
上海世博会即将闭幕。帷幕拉上的瞬间，顿成永恒。上海乃至中国，从此因世博而载入历史；世界，从此因一场盛会进一步认识了一个真实的中国……这是永远的世博记忆——246个参展国家和国际组织、超过7000万人次的中外参观者……在经历180多个日日夜夜后，第一次在发展中国家举办的注册类世界博览会——中国2010年上海世博会的大幕即将落下。这是永恒的文明盛典——从创意无限的场馆展示到精彩纷呈的文艺演出，从琳琅满目的科技结晶到思想荟萃的各个论坛，在这个全球性的文明盛会上，“世界智慧”和“中国之光”交相辉映。站在一个新的历史起点上，经历北京奥运会、上海世博会“大考”的中国人，以更加奋发有为的姿态，以更加昂扬的精神状态，在科学发展的道路上阔步向前。
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